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Pratibha Patil (Marathi: प्रतिŕ¤ŕ¤ľ पाटील) (born December 19, 1934) is the 12th and current President of India. She is India\'s first female president. She was sworn in as President of India on July 25, 2007 by the Chief Justice of India K. G. Balakrishnan. She succeeded Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Patil, a member of the Indian National Congress (INC), was nominated by the ruling United Progressive Alliance and Indian Left. She won the presidential election held on July 19 2007 defeating her nearest rival and fellow Rajput Bhairon Singh Shekhawat by over 300,000 votes.[Bibhudatta Pradhan. "Patil Poised to Become India\'s First Female President", Bloomberg.com, 2007-07-19. Retrieved on 2007-07-20. ][Anita Joshua. "High turnout in Presidential poll", The Hindu, 2007-07-20. Retrieved on 2007-07-20. ]["Voting for Presidential poll ends", NDTV, 2007-07-19. Retrieved on 2007-07-20. ]
A trained lawyer, Patil represented Edlabad constituency in Jalgaon District, Maharashtra as a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (1962-1985), and was deputy chairwoman of the Rajya Sabha (1986-1988), Member of Parliament from Amravati in the Lok Sabha (1991-1996), and the 24th, and the first woman Governor of Rajasthan (2004-2007).
Early life
Pratibha Patil was born to Narayan Paglu Rao in Nadgaon, Maharashtra. She studied at R.R. School at Jalgaon. She received her M.A. from Mooljee Jaitha (M.J.) College, Jalgaon (affiliated to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon) and obtained a law degree from the Government Law College, Mumbai (affiliated to University of Bombay). During her college days, she excelled in table tennis, winning various inter-college tournaments.[Biographical Sketch Member of Parliament X Lok Sabha] In 1962, Pratibha Patil was voted "College Queen" of M.J. College.[Tare, Kiran. "From college "queen" hahaha to future ghaati President", Mid-Day, Mumbai, 2007-06-15. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. ] The same year, she won an assembly election from Edlabad constituency on the Indian National Congress ticket.
She married educator Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat on July 7, 1965.["Biography of Mrs Pratibha Patil", indiastudychannel.com. Retrieved on 2007-06-16. ] The couple have a son and a daughter.
Philanthropic foundations
Together with her husband, she set up an educational institute, Vidya Bharati Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, which runs a chain of schools and colleges in Jalgaon and Mumbai.[Pratibha Patil\'s Resume. The Times of India. July 19, 2007.] She has also set up Shram Sadhana Trust that runs hostels for working women in New Delhi, Mumbai and Pune and an engineering college [1] in Jalgaon.
Political career
Pratibha Patil began her political career in 1962 at the age of 27. Under the mentorship of senior Congress leader and ex-Chief Minister Yashwantrao Chavan,[Ravish Tiwari / Mahesh Mhatre. "Pratibha\'s CV says it all: She backed Indira \'n was backed by Rajiv", Indian Express, 2007-06-15. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. ] she became a deputy minister for education after re-election in 1967 (in the Vasantrao Naik ministry). In her next terms (1972-78) she was a full cabinet minister for the state. In successive congress governments, she handled the portfolios of tourism, social welfare and housing under several chief ministers, Vasantdada Patil, Babasaheb Bhosle, S. B. Chavan and Sharad Pawar. She was continually re-elected to the assembly, either from Jalgaon or the nearby Edlabad constituencies, until 1985, when she was elected to the Rajya Sabha as a Congress candidate. She has never lost an election that she has contested.[Rediff.com. "Profile: UPA President nominee Pratibha Patil", Tabrez Khan in Mumbai, 2007-06-14. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. ]
Post-Emergency Indira loyalist
In 1977, the Congress party split up after Indira Gandhi\'s defeat following the Indian Emergency (1975–1977). Many senior leaders of state Congress(I), including Pratibha\'s mentor Chavan and his protege Sharad Pawar, as well as much of the rank and file joined the Congress (Urs) party floated by Devraj Urs. However, Pratibha preferred to remain with Indira Gandhi, though it verged on inviting political ridicule. In fact, few know that Pratibha managed Indira Gandhi\'s kitchen when Sanjay died.[Times of India, July 19th, 2007] She protested the arrest of Indira Gandhi in December 1977 and spent 10 days in prison.[Mid-Day - Mumbai News, Mumbai City News: Share & get involved with news from Mumbai as it happens]
In 1978, when the Congress (Urs) came to power in Maharashtra, she became Leader of the Opposition in the state assembly.
In 1980, the Congress (I) swept back into power, and her name was considered a front-runner for the Chief Minister\'s post. However, the post went to Sanjay Gandhi\'s confidant A. R. Antulay, who was soon forced to resign on corruption charges. Subsequently, she became a minister again in the Vasantdada Patil ministry. Following differences between Patil and then Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee (MPCC) chief Prabha Rau, Rajiv Gandhi appointed her as MPCC chief (1988-90).
Tenure at Centre
In 1985, Patil was elected to the Rajya Sabha, and served as its deputy chairwoman from November 1986 to November 1988. Her term expired in April 1990. The following year, in the elections when Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated she won election 10th Lok Sabha from at Amravati constituency, her husband\'s city, where he had once been mayor, thus first time entering in lower house of national parliament Lok Sabha.
She has also served as Director of National Federation of Urban Co-operative Banks & Credit Societies and the Member of Governing Council, National Co-operative, Union of India.
Governor of Rajasthan
In November 2004, eight years after she had completed her term in the 10th Lok Sabha, Pratibha Patil was recalled from political hibernation["Rajasthan gets its first woman Governor", The Hindu, 2004-11-29. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. ]
In April 2006, the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly passed the Rajasthan Freedom of Religion Bill 2006 (originally titled as "Rajasthan Dharma Swatantrya Bill, 2006"). The objective of the bill was to control "unlawful conversion from one religion to another by allurement or by fraudulent means or forcibly." However, some Christian organizations opposed the bill alleging that the bill was an outcome of the rightist policies of Sangh Parivar.[Governor urged not to give assent to religion Bill, The Hindu, 2006-04-14][Rajasthan anti-conversion bill sent back to Governor] Pratibha Patil returned the bill unsigned, stating certain clauses in the Bill infringed on "the fundamental rights such as freedom of speech and expression, freedom of conscience and freedom to profess, practice and propagate religion."[Suspense over the fate of Religious Freedom Bill, The Hindu, 2006-06-20.]
The Government of Rajasthan re-sent the bill to her in May 2006 noting that similar anti-conversion laws enacted by Congress governments in Madhya Pradesh and Orissa over 40 years ago were upheld by the Supreme Court of India and that the head of the Constituent Assembly, Dr B R Ambedkar, while drafting Article 25 of the Constitution had said that it would be best to leave it to the state legislatures to make laws to regulate conversions.[Rajasthan anti-conversion bill sent back to Governor] After sitting on the bill for over a year she sent it to the President of India just a day before she resigned as governor of Rajasthan.[Pratibha gives Religious Bill to President, Nagaland Post, 2007-06-20, accessed on 2007-07-09] A similar bill named Himachal Pradesh Freedom of Religion Act 2006 passed later was promptly signed by the state governor.
Pratibha Patil resigned as the Governor of Rajasthan on June 21, 2007, due to her presidential candidacy.["Match over, now: Left rejects second term for Kalam", Central Chronicle, June 21, 2007.]
Nomination for Presidential Election 2007
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On 14th June, United Progressive Alliance (UPA), the ruling alliance of political parties in India headed by Congress (I), and the Indian left nominated her as their candidate for the Presidential Election to be held on 19 July 2007.[Prez polls: Sonia announces Pratibha Patil\'s name, NDTV ] She emerged as a compromise candidate after the Left parties would not agree to the nomination of present Home Minister Shivraj Patil. At that point, Sonia Gandhi proposed Pratibha Patil\'s name. Her loyalty to Nehru-Gandhi family was widely perceived to be a major factor in her nomination as UPA-Left Presidential candidate.[DNA - India - I will not be a rubber stamp President: Pratibha Patil - Daily News & Analysis]
As a result of the potential that she would become the first female President of India, UPA Chairwoman Sonia Gandhi described her nomination as a "historic occasion" in India\'s 60th year of independence.
Before leaving Jaipur for New Delhi, she thanked Sonia Gandhi for choosing her and said that her first job as president would be to make National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) started by UPA a success.[I\'m grateful to Sonia: Pratibha Patil] In Delhi she asserted that she would not be a rubber stamp president.[DNA - India - I will not be a rubber stamp President: Pratibha Patil - Daily News & Analysis]
Accompanied by Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and Congress chief Sonia Gandhi she filed her nomination on 23 June which was found to be valid after scrutiny. She faced Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, an NDA supported candidate, in a straight contest, and visited state capitals to garner support. Her campaign got a major boost with decision of UNPA to abstain from voting.
The Leader of the Opposition L K Advani sought intervention of Election Commission of India to get Pratibha Patil to declare her assets,[The Hindu News Update Service] but this was rejected by the Commission.
Shiv Sena, an important ally of NDA, declared its support to Pratibha Patil on the grounds that she will be the first Maharashtrian to hold this prestigious post. This decision of Shiv Sena has created trouble in BJP-Sena alliance.[The Hindu : Front Page : Shiv Sena backs Pratibha Patil]
President
She won the presidential election held on July 19 2007 defeating her nearest rival Bhairon Singh Shekhawat by over 300,000 votes. She took office as India\'s first female president on July 25,2007.
Controversies
Since her nomination as presidential candidate, numerous controversies ranging from her remarks about the purdah to her alleged belief in "divine indications" have emerged. A day before her filing of nomination papers, Rajani Patil, the widow of the murdered congressman from Jalgaon, in a press conference in Delhi, alleged that Pratibha used her influence to shield her brother G. N. Patil in the murder of her husband.[Arun Shourie. A murder they dont care about] Since then various news channels and papers reported financial mismanagement in her family-controlled bank (Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank "Pratibha Women Cooperation Bank"), the revoking of its licence by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and financial irregularities in repayment of loans by the Cooperative sugar mills run by the Patil family.
These issues have surfaced from, inter alia, Rajani Patil\'s petition to President Abdul Kalam, her two letters addressed to Sonia Gandhi, RBI inspection reports, court notices, letters from the employees union of the bank, the minutes of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. Some of the allegations are results of police inquiries, court proceedings, notices from RBI and payment notice from the lenders and from show-cause and penalty notices from Excise Commissioner etc. The allegations have led to further petitions being filed in the courts for disqualifying her from contesting, which were either dismissed or are still pending hearing (See the "Legal Challenges" section).
Reacting to allegations UNPA leader Dr. Jayalalithaa asked the UPA to withdraw Pratibha Patil and is quoted to have said:
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After assuming office, it is learnt that President\'s family members are planning to set up a 500MW Thermal Power Plant in Amravathi using her official status
BJP\'s campaign
Since Pratibha Patil\'s nomination as a presidential candidate, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have highlighted her past activities and made comments as part of its political campaign against her.
BJP leader Arun Shourie authored two articles published as a booklet titled \'Does This Tainted Person Deserve to Become President of India?\'.[Jerath, Arati R. "Pratibha Patil fails to impress Arun Shourie", DNA, 2007-07-04. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. ] Another BJP leader, Arun Jaitley, announced the launch of a website called Know Pratibha Patil, which contains various media reports and documents concerning the questionable financial dealings of both Patil and her family.[Benedict, Kay and Sanjay Singh. "[War against Patil becomes public", DNA, 2007-07-10. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. ] The campaign generated a lot of media attention on Pratibha Patil as a controversial and unworthy presidential candidate.[citation needed]
While the BJP has been trying to build a strong public opinion against her, it clarified that it was not challenging her nomination on legal grounds.[Sanjay Singh. "NDA\'s legal ploy fails, aims moral fire at Pratibha", DNA, 2007-07-02. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. ]
Legal challenges to candidature
An advocate Manohar Lal Sharma has filed a Public Interest Litigation before a bench of Supreme Court of India comprising Justice Tarun Chatterjee and Justice P K Balasubramanyan challenging her nomination for the presidential election 2007. The advocate has referred to the various allegations against Patil and her family members and sought the cancellation of her nomination papers on the ground of her being an undischarged insolvent. The petitioner raised legal and constitutional questions on whether a person declared to be an \'undischarged insolvent\', for not clearing a debt to the public exchequer and others, was eligible to be elected president.[The Hindu News Update Service][Patil Faces Legal Hurdles Before Presidential Election (NIGHT LEAD) | News Post India]
The apex court however observed that it could not act on mere allegations, and rejected the petition at the admission stage[Another PIL filed against Pratibha The Hindu - 13th, July 2007] itself. The court said there was no merit in the petition as there was no document to substantiate the allegations[ SC rejects anti-Pratibha PIL; UPA-Left now raring to go The Financial Express - July 04, 2007] and raised doubts about the petitioners real intention adding it was more of a "private interest litigation".[Supreme Court dismisses PIL against Pratibha Patil] The court ruled:
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The advocate then approached the Election Commission of India seeking her disqualification. The Election Commission, through an order, replied:
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Following this, the advocate again approached the court and filed a Special Leave Petition (SLP) before a bench comprising Chief Justice K.G. Balakrishnan and Justice R.V. Raveendran. He contended that the Election Commission had not applied it\'s mind to the matter, and sought quashing of the commission\'s order.[Another PIL]
In another case a Delhi-based NGO has also filed a petition before the Delhi High Court alleging that Patil being Managing Trustee of Mumbai-based Shram Sadhana Bombay Trust, which is under the control of state government, was holding the office of profit making her ineligible to contest the President\'s election.[The Hindu News Update Service] The High Court has deferred the hearing until after election.[http://www.dailyindia.com/show/155792.php/Delhi-High-Court-defers-hearing-of-plea-against-Pratibha-Patil]
Refutation
The leaders of Indian National Congress and Indian left say that these facts highlighted are a clever mixture of truth, half-truths and exaggerations.[The Runaway Presidential Campaign The Hindu - July 14, 2007] They have also said that these issues have never been raised in the past while she was a deputy chairwoman of the Rajya Sabha, or during her tenure as a governor. They accused the BJP of launching a "malicious, unsubstantiated and deliberate" slanderous campaign just to damage her reputation.[RSS, BJP desperate: CPI (M) The Hindu - June 25, 2007][NCP blasts BJP for anti-Pratibha campaign New Kerala. Kune 28, 2007][UPA criticises BJP-RSS campaign against Pratibha. Times of India - June 28, 2007] Prime Minister Manmohan Singh defended Pratibha Patil and dismissed the charges as "mud-slinging".[Muck refuses to move from Pratibha path-India-The Times of India] On Monday 2 July 2007 breaking her long silence Pratibha Patil described the allegations leveled against her as "false, malicious and baseless".[Patil: Charges false, baseless-India-The Times of India]
Prominent allegations against her that have been controversial are:
Allegations of shielding her brother on a murder charge
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On June 22, 2007, Rajni Patil, a professor of Marathi in a Jalgaon college, and the widow of murdered Jalgaon congressman Vishram G Patil in an NDA facilitated press conference claimed that her husband was murdered by Pratibha Patil\'s brother G.N.Patil. She accused Pratibha Patil of shielding her brother. She further said that she had written to Sonia Gandhi and President Dr A P J Abdul Kalam giving details about the allegations. Copies of her memorandum to the President on this issue were distributed to the press by Mr. Sudheendra Kulkarni, an aide of Leader of the Opposition L.K. Advani.[Congman\'s wife drags Pratibha name into allegations, NDA distances itself][Woman claims husband killed by Pratibha Patil\'s brother Times of India- June 22, 2007]
On 13 July, 2007 Rajani Patil moved the Bombay High Court demanding that the CBI "interrogate" UPA\'s presidential candidate Pratibha Patil and her brother in connection with the case before the presidential poll. Rajni Patil\'s petition stated that the CBI, which was directed by the Aurangabad bench of the Bombay High Court to probe the case in February, must question Pratibha before July 19, the date for the presidential election because she might get "presidential immunity" if she wins the poll.[The Hindustan Times]
The lawyer Mahesh Jethmalani said that two CDs have surfaced which contain incriminating material against Patil\'s brother. The CDs contain footage of the elections for the district Congress presidentship in Jalgaon. Jethmalani offered to place both CDs on record, saying "These contain vital information showing the political link behind the murder." [2]
Pratibha Women Cooperative Bank
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Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank, a cooperative bank set up by Pratibha Patil in 1973 in her name, to empower women, had its license revoked in 2003 by the Reserve Bank of India for alleged financial irregularities. Among the reasons listed by the RBI for cancellation of the license was the faulty loan policy of the bank and loan interest waivers given, among others, to Pratibha Patil\'s relatives.[Arun Shourie. Lifting the veil over Pratibha Patil] Pratibha Patil was one of the chairpersons of the Bank and along with a number of her relatives, was one of its directors. She is currently one of the 34 respondents in an ongoing case in the Aurangabad bench of the Bombay High Court on the subject of mismanagement of the bank and misappropriation of funds by its Managing Directors.[Pratibha Patil in the line of fire NDTV - June 25, 2007][Pratibha bank waived loans for kin before RBI shut it down]
In her defence, her supporters point out that she was not the founding president[Congress rebuts BJP charges on Pratibha Patil DailyIndia - June 29, 2007] of the bank, and that she held the job of the chairwoman for only a month and eight days.[Should Pratibha Patil be President?Hindustan Times - July 07, 2007] They also point out that the RBI has never mentioned Patil\'s name in the report,[RBI report] and the court has not charge-sheeted her.[CNN - IBN Interview CNN - IBN - July 01, 2007] Communist leader A.B. Bardhan cast doubts on the credibility of the official employees union of the bank, which has been highlighting the issue of the banks mismanagement since 2002, drawing attention to the fact that it is associated with the BMS union led by the BJP.[BMSunion]
Sant Muktabai Cooperative Sugar Factory
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A cooperative sugar factory - Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana - of which Pratibha was a founder member, was found to be a drug trafficking ring, was declared a defaulter for failing to repay a Rs 17.5 crore (Rs 175 million) bank loan.[Return Rs 17-cr loan, bank tells Pratibha\'s family CNN-IBN - June 22, 2007] Pratibha Patil had been its chairwoman and director till she became the Governor of Rajasthan.[Pawar defends Pratibha - The Hindu - June 24, 2007] The loan was taken in 1994 when Pratibha was its chairwoman, but the factory has failed to repay the full amount. The bank sealed the factory on January 23, 2007 after issuing many reminders. This was the second occasion the mill had been sealed. Earlier, it was sealed in January 2006, but was reopened after the board of directors headed by G. N. Patil - younger brother of Pratibha Patil - requested for an opportunity to improve the performance of the mill.[UPA nominee\'s co-op firm loan defaulter, gets notice The Pioneer - June 23, 2007]
In 2002 the chief commissioner of central excise and customs, Pune, issued notice to the factory for evading excise duty resulting from diversion of export-oriented sugar by the factory into domestic market.
Dubbing as "malign campaign" the allegations, Union Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar, defended Pratibha and noted that there was never any enquiry under Maharashtra Cooperative Societies Act against her. He also pointed out that as many as 74 mills were issued notices in December 2006, and it was "unfortunate that only one particular case has been brought up in the media". Pawar said most of the mills had failed to repay the loans because of persistent drought affecting sugarcane production, leading these mills to go sick.[Allegations against Pratibha Patil unfortunate: UPA - The Hindu - June 23, 2007]
Nevertheless in 2007, Manohar Lal Sharma, an independent advocate, filed a public interest litigation petition in the Supreme Court alleging that Mrs Pratibha Patil was an undischarged insolvent relating to the Sant Muktabai Sugar Factory and hence disqualified to remain in the ofice of the presidency.[3]
Shrama Sadhna Trust
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According to the Economic Times the Shrama Sadhna Trust, a charitable trust in Mumbai of which Ms Patil is the managing trustee, is alleged to have siphoned funds totaling Rs 4.16 crore (Rs 41.6 million) between 2001 and 2003 from an engineering polytechnic run by it in Jalgaon.[Multi-faceted Pratibha: It’s polytechnic scam now]
MPLADS
As Member of Parliament from Amravati between 1991 and 1996 Pratibha Patil had diverted Rs 36 lakh (Rs 3.6 million) from her MPLADS fund to a trust run by her husband Devisingh Shekhawat. This was in violation of Government rules which barred MPs from providing funds to organisation run by their relatives.[IndianExpress.com :: For family again: Patil’s MP funds for sports complex on land leased to husband society][DNA - Mumbai - Now, a land grab haunts Patil - Daily News & Analysis]
Views on sterilisation
On 10 December 1975, when she was the Health Minister of Maharashtra, Pratibha Patil advocated in Maharashtra Assembly that people with hereditary diseases should be compulsorily sterilised.[[4]]
Purdah remarks
On June 17, 2007, Pratibha Patil made remarks on the Purdah system, while addressing a congregation of Rajputs in Udaipur:[Pratibha Patil unveils a controversy Yahoo News - June 18, 2007]
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Divine indication
Patil claims to have spoken to the spirit of the deceased leader (Baba Lekhraj[IBN Live, Race for Raisina: Shekhawat vs. Patil - Pratibha Patil speaks to a ghost (video)]) of the at their headquarters in Mount Abu, Rajasthan. "Dadiji ke shareer mein Baba aye ... Maine unse baat ki (Baba entered Devi’s body and he communicated to me through her)," she said on TV camera.[KhaleejTimes, June 28th, 2007, Patil kicks up another row] Reporters began to report on the message she received of a “divine indication“ of great responsibility coming her way.[Times of India, June 27, 2007, Pratibha believes in spirits?]
Patil claims to have received the mediumistic message during the last season in which the spirits they call "Bapdada" communicated with the faithful of the Brahma Kumaris sect.[The Pioneer, July 2, 2007, Battle for the palace] She had gone to seek the blessings of Hirday Mohini, also known as Dadi Gulzar or Dadiji.[BKWSU, Official Site, Dadi Hirdaya Mohini- Joint Administrative Head]
To read more about the Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University click here [5]
Positions held
| Period
| Position
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| 1967-72
| Deputy Minister,N.H.E.A.,Scav, Public Health, Prohibition, Tourism, Housing & Parliamentary Affairs, Government of Maharashtra
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| 1972-74
| Cabinet Minister, Social Welfare, Government of Maharashtra
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| 1974-75
| Cabinet Minister, Public Health & Social Welfare, Government of Maharashtra
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| 1975-76
| Cabinet Minister, Prohibition, Rehabilitation and Cultural Affairs, Government of Maharashtra
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| 1977-78
| Cabinet Minister, Education, Government of Maharashtra
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| July 1979 to February 1980
| Leader of Opposition, CDP (I), Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
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| 1982-85
| Cabinet Minister, Urban Development and Housing, Government of Maharashtra
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| 1983-85
| Cabinet Minister, Civil Supplies and Social Welfare, Government of Maharashtra
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| November 18, 1986 to November 5, 1988 | Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha
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| 1986-88
| Chairperson, Committee of Privileges, Rajya Sabha; Member, Business Advisory Committee, Rajya Sabha
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| 1991-96
| Chairperson, House Committee, Lok Sabha
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| November 8, 2004-June 2007
| Governor of Rajasthan
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| July 25, 2007 to date
| President of India
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See also
References
External links
| Persondata
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| NAME
| Patil, Pratibha
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION
| Indian politician
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| DATE OF BIRTH
| December 19, 1934
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| PLACE OF BIRTH
| Nadgaon, Maharashtra, India
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| DATE OF DEATH
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| PLACE OF DEATH
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia |
